籾殻くん炭の使い方。効果とメリット・デメリットを解説。

籾殻くん炭はどんな使い方をすると効果的なのでしょうか。
土壌改善を目的として使われる「籾殻くん炭」は、古くから使われてきた肥料であり、
排水性や土壌酸性度の改善が期待できます。

稲作が盛んな地域でよく使われてきた肥料で、籾殻くん炭は自作することも比較的容易です。
使うメリットが大きい肥料と言えます。

今日はそんな、籾殻くん炭について、その効果とメリット・デメリットを詳しく見ていきます。

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籾殻くん炭の使い方

籾殻くん炭とは、お米を精米するときに取れる外側の殻を低温で燻して炭化させたものです。
土壌改良に優れた効果があり、作物が育ちやすい土を作ることができます。

籾殻くん炭の使い方は、主に以下の2つです。

 

植え付け前に土に混ぜ込む:

これは土壌改良効果を目的とした方法です。土全体の1割程度の量を目安に混ぜ込みます。
畑全体に散布したら、地中10cmくらいまでよく混ぜ込みます。

 

苗の周りにまく:

これはマルチング効果を目的とした方法です。
苗の周りに1〜3cmほどの厚みでまくことで、乾燥や雑草を防ぎ、保温効果も得られます。
籾殻くん炭は自分でも作ることができます。

 

籾殻くん炭の効果

籾殻くん炭の効果としては、以下のようなものがあります。

 

土壌のpHを中和する:

籾殻くん炭はアルカリ性なので、酸性に傾いた土壌を中和することができます。
ほとんどの作物は弱酸性から中性の土壌を好むので、土壌のpHを調整することで生育条件を改善することができます。

 

保水性・排水性・通気性を改善する:

籾殻くん炭は空気や水を通しやすい小さな穴がたくさんあるので、土に混ぜると保水性・排水性・通気性が向上します。
保水性が高いと乾燥に強くなり、排水性が高いと根腐れを防ぎ、通気性が高いと微生物が増えて土壌が活性化します。

 

害虫の忌避効果:

籾殻くん炭はアブラムシなどの害虫が嫌う臭いがするので、土壌表面にまくことで害虫を遠ざけることができます。

 

籾殻くん炭を使うメリット・デメリット

籾殻くん炭を使うメリット・デメリットについてです。

 

メリット

籾殻くん炭を使うときのメリットは、以下のようなものがあります。

 

化学資材を使わない:

籾殻くん炭はタール分などを含まない安全な資材です。有機栽培や自然農法にも適しています。

 

土づくりが簡単になる:

籾殻くん炭は土に混ぜるだけで土壌改良効果が得られます。また、苗の周りにまくだけでもマルチング効果や保温効果が得られます。

 

自分で作ることができる:

籾殻くん炭は自分でも作ることができます。

 

デメリット

籾殻くん炭を使うときのデメリットは、以下のようなものがあります。

 

使いすぎると土が軽くなりすぎる:

籾殻くん炭は比重がとても軽いため、混ぜすぎると土が軽くなりすぎて植物を支えきれなくなります。
使用量は全体の10%程度にとどめましょう。

 

使いすぎると土壌がアルカリ性に傾きすぎる:

籾殻くん炭はアルカリ性のため、混ぜすぎると土壌のpHがアルカリ性に傾きすぎてしまいます。
ほとんどの作物はアルカリ性の土壌ではうまく育ちません。
一般的な作物が好むpH5.5〜pH7.0になるよう、酸度測定器を使いながら使用量を調整しましょう。

 

火を使って作るので危険が伴う:

籾殻くん炭を自分で作る場合は火を使います。
大量の煙や臭いが発生するため、住宅密集地で作るのはやめましょう。

また、火の粉が飛んだり、発火したりする恐れもあります。
火のそばを離れないように注意しましょう。

 

以上が、「籾殻くん炭」を使うときのメリット・デメリットについてです。

 

籾殻くん炭の作り方

作り方は以下のようになります。

①木材を籾殻の量に合わせて積み上げ、火をつける
②籾殻を燃えている木材の上に直接盛るか、木材の上にくん炭器という専用の道具をかぶせてその周りに籾殻を盛る
③表面が黒く炭化しはじめるまで待つ
④炭化しているところと、まだ炭化していないところを少しずつ混ぜる
⑤すべて黒く炭化したら、大量の水をかけて完全に火を消す
⑥しっかりと乾燥させる

以上が、「籾殻くん炭」の作り方についてです。

 

「籾殻くん炭」と「腐植資材」はどっちを選ぶべき?

籾殻くん炭と腐植資材は、どちらも土壌改良に使われる資材ですが、それぞれ特徴や効果が異なります。
以下に、主な違いをまとめてみました。

 

原料:

籾殻くん炭は、お米の外側の殻を低温で燻して炭化させたものです。
腐植資材は、石炭や亜炭を硝酸や硫酸で分解してできたニトロフミン酸を、カルシウムやマグネシウムで中和して造粒したものです。

 

pH:

籾殻くん炭はアルカリ性で、酸性に傾いた土壌を中和する効果があります。
腐植資材は中性から弱酸性で、土壌のpHに大きな影響は与えません。

 

保水性・排水性・通気性:

籾殻くん炭は空気や水を通しやすい小さな穴がたくさんあるので、土に混ぜると保水性・排水性・通気性が向上します。
腐植資材は保水性や通気性にはあまり効果がありませんが、排水性には若干の改善効果があります。

 

保肥力:

籾殻くん炭は微量要素やケイ酸などを含んでおり、植物の根や茎や葉を丈夫にする効果があります。
腐植資材は腐植酸の含有量が多くCECが大きいため、土壌の保肥力を高めます。
また、りん酸固定を抑制して可給態りん酸を増加させたり、微量要素の不可給態化を抑制したりする効果もあります。

 

害虫の忌避効果:

籾殻くん炭はアブラムシなどの害虫が嫌う臭いがするので、土壌表面にまくことで害虫を遠ざけることができます。
腐植資材には害虫の忌避効果はありません。

以上が、籾殻くん炭と腐植資材の比較です。
どちらもメリットとデメリットがありますので、作物や土壌の状態に合わせて使い分けることが大切です。

 

「腐植資材」とは

腐植資材とは、石炭や亜炭などの化石植物から抽出した腐植酸を、カルシウムやマグネシウムなどで中和して造粒したものです。
腐植酸は、土壌中の有機物が微生物によって分解されたときに生成される黒色の物質で、土壌の保肥力を高める効果があります。

腐植資材の主な効果としては、以下のようなものがあります。

土壌の保肥力を改善する:
腐植酸は陽イオン交換容量(CEC)が高く、土壌中の窒素やカリウムなどの肥料成分を吸着し、作物に必要なときに供給することができます12。また、腐植酸は土壌中のりん酸を固定する鉄やアルミニウムと結合し、可給態りん酸を増やすことができます12。さらに、微量要素の不可給態化を抑制し、作物の吸収を促進することができます。

土壌のpHを調整する:
腐植酸は弱酸性であり、アルカリ性に傾いた土壌を中和することができます12。ほとんどの作物は弱酸性から中性の土壌を好むので、土壌のpHを適正な範囲に保つことで生育条件を改善することができます。

土壌の団粒形成を促進する:
腐植酸は土壌粒子間に浸透し、水素結合や静電気力などで粒子同士を結びつけることができます12。これにより、土壌の団粒形成が促進され、保水性や通気性が向上します。

腐植資材の使い方は、主に以下の2つです。

混ぜ込む:
これは土壌改良効果を目的とした方法です。土全体の0.5~1%程度の量を目安に混ぜ込みます。畑全体に散布したら、地中10cmくらいまでよく混ぜ込みます。

条施用する:
これは局所施用効果を目的とした方法です。条播きや定植時に根圏部分に施用します。作物や栽培方法に応じて適量を調整します。

 

以上が、「腐植資材」という肥料についてです。

 

籾殻くん炭はホームセンターでも購入できる?

籾殻くん炭はホームセンターでも買えます。

ホームセンターで販売されている籾殻くん炭の価格は、容量やブランドによって異なりますが、一般的には500円から2000円程度です。
例えば、コメリというホームセンターでは、18Lのもみ殻くん炭が648円で、50Lのもみ殻くん炭が1280円で販売されています。
アマゾンでも、120Lのもみ殻くん炭が9980円で購入できます。

籾殻くん炭は、土壌改良やマルチングに優れた効果があります。
土に混ぜると保水性・排水性・通気性が向上し、土壌のpHを中和し、害虫を遠ざけることができます。

また、自分でも作ることができます。
ガーデニングや家庭菜園に興味がある方にはおすすめの商品です

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「籾殻くん炭の使い方。効果とメリット・デメリットを解説。」についてのまとめ

籾殻くん炭の使い方はそんなに難しいことはなく、植え付け前に土全体の1割程度の割合で混ぜ込むか、
作物の周りに1〜3cmほどの厚みでまくことで、保湿性を高めるなどのマルチング効果が期待できます。

また、籾殻くん炭は土壌Phの改善・土の保湿性や保温性に高い効果・病害虫を寄せ付けない効果が期待でき、使うメリットは大きい肥料と言えます。

籾殻くん炭を上手く使って、作物に最適な環境で農業を楽しみたいですね。

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