切り戻し剪定とは?失敗しない方法・適切な時期とコツ

「切り戻し剪定」、育てている植物が元気に育って、自分では支えられなくなるくらい大きくなってきたときに頭を過る言葉です。

ただ、切り戻し剪定をやった方が良いことは分かっていても、あまりやったことのない人からすると心配事が多い作業の一つです。
「大切に育ててきた植物を切り戻してしまっていいのだろうか。痛くは無いのかな」「どこを切り戻せばいいのだろう」「失敗したらどうしよう」
など、心配事がたくさんありますよね。

迷っている内に結局手に付かず、切り戻し剪定をしないまま植物が弱ってしまって、折れて、終わってしまう何でこともあります。

そこで今日はそんな切り戻し剪定について、素人でも失敗しない方法をお伝えしていきます。
今育てている植物が伸びてきてしまっていたり、過去に切り戻し剪定に失敗して植物が枯れてしまったことのある人は是非参考にしてみてください。

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素人が切り戻し剪定を行うときに気を付けるべきこと

切り戻し剪定とは、植物の枝や茎を途中から切って、樹形を整えたり、成長を促したり、株を再生させたりする作業です。
切り戻し剪定には、以下のような手順があります。

 

1.切り戻し剪定の目的と時期を決める:

目的によって、切り戻し剪定のタイミングが異なります。
例えば、花木は花が咲き終わった後に切り戻すとよいでしょう。また、休眠期に枝を短く切ると、株が再生しやすくなります。

 

2.切り戻す枝の種類と場所を見極める:

不要な枝は基本的に、枝元で切るか枝の3分の1程度の長さで切り戻します。
また枝の途中で切る場合は、新芽のすぐ上あたりを切り戻すことで枝数を増やすことができます。不要な枝には、以下のようなものがあります。

徒長枝:周囲の枝と比べて、成長しすぎている枝
絡み枝:周囲の枝と交差して葉の密度が高まる原因となっている枝
逆さ枝:成長方向が幹へ向かっている枝
ひこばえ:株元から伸びる細い枝

 

3.清潔な剪定バサミやナイフを使って、切り戻す:

切り口は平らにすると乾燥しやすくなります。
また、切り口に癒合剤を塗って保護すると病気に感染するリスクを減らせます。

 

4.切り戻した後は、水やりや肥料などの管理を適切に行う:

切り戻した植物は、新しい芽や葉を出すために水分や養分を必要とします。
そのため、乾燥や栄養不足に注意してください。

 

以上が、切り戻し剪定の方法です。素人でも分かるように詳しく説明しましたが、いかがでしたか?もし不安な点があれば、専門家に相談することもおすすめします。

 

切り戻し剪定に必要な道具は?

切り戻し剪定に必要な道具は、主に以下の3つです。

 

剪定バサミ:

枝や茎を切るためのバサミです。切り口が平らになるように刃が鋭利であることが重要です。
また、切り戻す枝の太さや長さに合わせて、適切なサイズや形のバサミを選ぶことも大切です。

 

刈り込みバサミ:

生垣や低木などの広い範囲を刈り込むためのバサミです。
長い刃で一度に多くの枝葉を切ることができます。

 

剪定ノコギリ:

剪定バサミでは切れない太い枝を切るためのノコギリです。
歯が細かく鋭利であることが必要です。
また、枝の角度や位置に合わせて、曲がったり折りたためるタイプのものが便利です。

 

以上が、切り戻し剪定に必要な道具の一例です。
他にも植木バサミや高枝切りバサミなど、様々な種類の道具があります。
詳しくはこちらをご覧ください。

切り戻し剪定は植物の健康や美しさを保つために重要な作業です。正しい時期と手順で行うことで、植物を元気に育てることができます。

 

切り戻し剪定のメリット・デメリット

切り戻し剪定をすることのメリットはどんなものがあるのでしょうか?逆に、デメリットとしてはどんなものがあるのでしょうか?
切り戻し剪定とは、植物の枝や茎を途中から切って、樹形を整えたり、成長を促したり、株を再生させたりする作業です。
切り戻し剪定には、以下のようなメリットとデメリットがあります。

 

メリット:

植物の姿や大きさを自分の好みに合わせて調整できる。
不要な枝を減らすことで、残った枝や芽に養分が行き渡り、生長や開花が促進される。

風通しや日当たりを良くすることで、病気や害虫の予防になる。
古い枝や弱った枝を切ることで、株の再生力が高まる。

 

デメリット:

切り戻し剪定の時期や方法を間違えると、植物にストレスを与えて枯れてしまう可能性がある。
切り口から病気に感染するリスクがある。

切り戻し剪定をしすぎると、植物の自然な姿が失われてしまうこともある。
以上が、切り戻し剪定のメリットとデメリットです。
切り戻し剪定をする際には、植物の種類や特性に合わせて、適切な時期と方法を選ぶことが大切です。

 

切り戻し剪定を行う適切な時期

植物にとって切り戻し剪定を行うのに適した時期は、植物の種類や特性によって異なりますが、一般的には以下のようなタイミングがあります。

・花木は花が咲き終わった後に切り戻しをします。これは、花が終わった後の花も養分を使うため、残しておくと新芽や新しい花の邪魔になるからです。できるだけ早く切り落とすことで、脇芽が出て、ボリューム感も増えます。

・落葉樹や常緑樹は冬と真夏以外の時期に切り戻しをします。時期によって、切り戻し後の樹木の成長や強度が異なります。例えば、春に切り戻すと新芽が早く伸びるので、成長の勢いが早くなります。初夏に切り戻すと新芽が充実しているので、強度が揃った枝が伸びます。秋に切り戻すと休眠前のため、とくに伸びすぎた枝を切り戻す仕上げになります。

・四季咲き性の草花は何度も花を咲かせる分、株姿も乱れやすく、花の勢いも落ちていきます。そのため、株の3分の1〜2分の1ほどコンパクトに切り戻すことで、株姿を整えたり、次の花数を増やしたりすることができます。

以上が、植物にとって切り戻し剪定を行うのに適した時期の一例です。

 

切り戻し剪定を行う場所

切り戻し剪定を行う植物の場所とは、植物の枝や茎をどこで切るかということです。
切り戻し剪定の方法は、植物の種類や目的によって異なりますが、一般的には以下の2つの場所で切ります。

 

枝元:

枝が幹や主枝から分かれる部分で切ります。
これは、枝を完全に取り除く場合に行います。
例えば、徒長枝や絡み枝、逆さ枝などは、枝元で切ることで樹形を整えたり、風通しを良くしたりすることができます。

 

枝の途中:

枝が伸びている途中で切ります。これは、枝を短くする場合に行います。
例えば、花木や果樹は、花や実が咲き終わった後に枝の途中で切ることで、次の花や実の成長を促したり、株の大きさを調整したりすることができます。
枝の途中で切る場合は、新芽のすぐ上あたりを切り戻すことがポイントです。

新芽とは、枝の途中で少し膨らんでいる部分で、次の枝が伸びてくる場所です。
新芽の向きによって、枝が伸びる方向が決まります。そのため、普通は外芽(外側に向かっている新芽)の上で切り、枝を木の外側に伸ばします。

 

以上が、切り戻し剪定を行う植物の場所について詳しく説明しましたが、いかがでしたか?もし不安な点があれば、専門家に相談することもおすすめします。

 

切り戻しても植物は痛くないの?

植物は痛みを感じるかどうかは、科学的にも哲学的にも難しい問題です。
植物には、人間や動物のように神経系や脳がありません。

しかし、植物は自分の身体に起こる変化や外部からの刺激に対して、様々な反応を示します。
例えば、植物は傷ついたときにグルタミン酸という物質を放出して、全身にダメージの情報を伝えます。
また、植物は光や温度や水分などの環境条件に応じて、成長や開花や防御などの調節を行います。

これらの反応は、植物が痛みを感じるということと同じなのでしょうか?
それとも、植物は単に生存のために必要な生理的なプロセスを行っているだけなのでしょうか?
このような問いに対して、一様な答えを出すことは難しいです。

植物の痛みとは何か、そしてそれがどのように発生するかということを明確に定義する必要があります。
また、植物の痛みを測定する方法や基準も必要です。

切り戻し剪定を行うときに、植物が痛くないか心配する気持ちはわかります。
しかし、切り戻し剪定は植物の健康や美しさを保つために重要な作業です。
正しい時期と方法で行うことで、植物は元気に育ちますよ。

切り戻し剪定を行った後は、水やりや肥料などの管理を適切に行ってくださいね。

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「切り戻し剪定とは?素人でも失敗しない方法・時期とコツ」についてのまとめ

切り戻し剪定は、植物を元気に美しく育てる上で欠かせない作業です。
しかし、素人が慣れない中で行ってしまうと、最悪そのまま植物が枯れてしまうリスクがあります。

切り戻し剪定という作業自体、植物に大きなストレスをかけてしまう行為です。
なので適切な時期、場所、管理方法などが大切になってきます。
また、それらは育てている植物によっても違ってきます。

植物にとって適切な切り戻しを行って、元気に、いつまても、育てている植物と付き合っていきたいですね。

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