「パンジー」・「ビオラ」・「スミレ」の違いはなに？

街中を歩いていると、綺麗な花を見かけることも多いですよね。
四季を通じて、いろんな色の花を見かけます。
でも、調べてみるとその花の種類はそんなに多くなく、特定の「科」の植物が大部分を占めています。

今日は、街中でも特によく見かける蝶々のようなカラフルな花である
「パンジー」・「ビオラ」・「スミレ」について、その特徴についてまとめていきます。
この記事を見れば、散歩をしている時の楽しみがまた一つ増えますよ。

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「パンジー」・「ビオラ」・「スミレ」とは

「パンジー」・「ビオラ」・「スミレ」は、すべてスミレ科スミレ属に属する花ですが、それぞれに違いがあります。

「パンジー」は、ヨーロッパに自生する野生のスミレを品種改良して作り出した花で、花が大きく、花色の種類が豊富です。
「ビオラ」も同じく品種改良された花で、パンジーに比べて花が小さい代わりに、一株にたくさんの花を咲かせます。
「スミレ」は、パンジーやビオラの原種ともいえる野草で、日本にも野山や草原、道端などに50種類以上の野生種が自生しています。

これらの花の見分け方は、花の大きさや形状で判断することができます。
パンジーは5～10㎝くらいの大きな花を咲かせますが、ビオラは2～4㎝くらいの小さな花を咲かせます。
スミレはビオラよりも小さめの花を咲かせますが、花の先が少しとがっています。

また、パンジーやビオラは一年草もしくは二年草ですが、スミレは多年草です。

 

「パンジー」について

パンジーは、スミレ科スミレ属の一年草で、ヨーロッパに自生する野生のスミレを品種改良して作り出した花です。
パンジーの特徴は、花が大きくて色や模様が豊富なことです。

花の直径は5～10㎝くらいで、黄色・白・紫などのさまざまな色があります。
中心に「ブロッチ」と呼ばれる独特の模様が入ったものや、フリル咲きや八重咲きなどの変わった咲き方のものもあります。

パンジーは日当たりと風通しの良い場所で育てます。
水やりは土が乾いたらたっぷりと行い、冬場は午前中に行います。
肥料は花が咲いている間、定期的に与えます。

病害虫に注意して、花がらを摘んだり、葉をすいたりして管理します。

 

「ビオラ」について

ビオラは、スミレ科スミレ属の一年草で、ヨーロッパに自生する野生のスミレを品種改良して作り出した花です。

ビオラの特徴は、花が小さくて色や模様が豊富なことです。
花の直径は2～5㎝くらいで、白・黄・紫・青などのさまざまな色があります。
中心に「ヒゲ」と呼ばれる細かい模様が入ったものや、花色が変化するもの、フリル咲きや八重咲きなどの変わった咲き方のものもあります。

ビオラは日当たりと風通しの良い場所で育てます。
水やりは土が乾いたらたっぷりと行い、冬場は午前中に行います。
肥料は花が咲いている間、定期的に与えます。

病害虫に注意して、花がらを摘んだり、葉をすいたりして管理します。

 

「スミレ」について

スミレは、スミレ科スミレ属の多年草で、日本に自生する約100種類のうちの一つです。

スミレの特徴は、深い紫色の花を咲かせることと、花の後方に距という突起物があることです。
距の中には蜜があり、昆虫が花粉を運んで授粉に協力します。
スミレは春に咲きますが、夏から秋にかけて閉鎖花という見えない花を咲かせて自家受粉します。

スミレは食用や薬用にもなります。
若芽や若葉、花はおひたしや天ぷら、サラダなどにして食べられます。
スミレの花言葉は、「謙虚」「純真」「忠実」「思いやり」などです。

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「「パンジー」・「ビオラ」・「スミレ」の違いはなに？」についてのまとめ

今日は、「パンジー」・「ビオラ」・「スミレ」の違いについてお話してきました。
冬場は寒さに強い花はあまり多くないということもあり、街の花壇はパンジー一色になることもあります。
注意深く観察して、一つ一つのパンジーの違いを見てみるのもまた楽しいのではないかと思います。

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