八重咲きと一重咲きはどこに違いがあり、どう決まるのでしょうか。
植物の花を見ていると、八重咲きのものと一重咲きのものとがあることに気が付くかと思います。
街路樹として良く植えられているツツジは多くの場合が一重咲きになっていますし、ひまわりもアジサイも多くの場合は一重咲きです。
一方、八重咲きの姿が有名な植物としては、バラが挙げられます。
ダリアや菊も八重咲きの姿の方が有名な植物ですよね。
しかし、八重のツツジも存在するし、ひまわりもアジサイも八重のものが存在します。
一重のバラやダリアも存在するし、ダリアも菊も一重のものが存在します。
この、一重・八重はどこで決まるのでしょうか？
今日はそれについて深く掘り下げていきます。
一重・八重の違いについて詳しく知りたい方は是非参考にしてみてください。
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一重咲き・八重咲きの違い
植物の花の一重咲きと八重咲きの違いについて、以下のように説明できます。
一重咲きとは、花びらが重ならずに一周だけ並んでいる花の咲き方です。
例えば、桜やバラの野生種は一重咲きです。
一重咲きの花は、雄しべや雌しべが正常にあるので、種子や果実を作ることができます。
八重咲きとは、花びらが何重にも重なって咲く花の咲き方です。
例えば、桜やバラの園芸種は八重咲きです。
八重咲きの花は、雄しべや雌しべが花びらに変化してしまっていることが多いので、
種子や果実を作ることができない場合が多いです。
八重咲きの花は、人間が美しさを追求して品種改良した結果です。
八重咲きには、さまざまなタイプがあります。
花びらが大きく膨らんだものを牡丹咲き、花びらが細くてあまり膨らまないものを菊咲きと呼びます。
また、萼片も花びら化したものや、雌しべだけが残っているものもあります。
キク科の花は、一つの花ではなく、小さな花が集まった集合花です。
外側に舌状花、内側に管状花があります。
キク科の八重咲きは、管状花があるべきところにも舌状花がつくようになったものです。
タンポポはもともと舌状花だけなので、普通のものも八重咲きに見えます。
以上が植物の花の一重咲きと八重咲きの違いについての解説です。
八重咲きってどんな咲き方？
八重咲きとは、花びらが何重にも重なって咲く花の咲き方です。
八重咲きの花は、人間が美しさを追求して品種改良した結果です。
八重咲きには、さまざまなタイプがあります。
花びらが大きく膨らんだものを牡丹咲き、花びらが細くてあまり膨らまないものを菊咲きと呼びます。
また、萼片も花びら化したものや、雌しべだけが残っているものもあります。
八重咲きの花は、雄しべや雌しべが花びらに変化してしまっていることが多いので、種子や果実を作ることができない場合が多いです。
しかし、八重咲きの花にも種子や果実を作ることができるものがあります。
例えば、桃や梅は八重咲きでも果実をつけます。こ
れは、雄しべや雌しべの一部だけが花びら化していて、残りの部分は正常に機能しているからです。
キク科の花は、一つの花ではなく、小さな花が集まった集合花です。
外側に舌状花、内側に管状花があります。
キク科の八重咲きは、管状花があるべきところにも舌状花がつくようになったものです。
タンポポはもともと舌状花だけなので、普通のものも八重咲きに見えます。
以上が八重咲きについての解説です。
八重咲きと一重咲きの遺伝子的な違い
八重咲きと一重咲きの遺伝子的な違いについて、以下のように説明できます。
一般に、花を構成する部位として、外側から「がく片」「花弁」「おしべ」「めしべ」が挙げられます。
これらの部位は、A、B、Cと名付けられた3つの遺伝子群によって決まっています。
| 遺伝子群 | 花の部位 |
| A | がく片 |
| A + B | 花弁 |
| B + C | おしべ |
| C | めしべ |
このモデルによれば、A遺伝子群のみが働いている部位ではがく片、
A＋B遺伝子群が働くと花弁、B＋C遺伝子群が働くとおしべ、C遺伝子群のみが働くとめしべができます。
これが一般的な一重咲きの花の構造です。
しかし、突然変異や品種改良によって、このモデルが崩れることがあります。
例えば、C遺伝子群が働かないと、めしべやおしべが花弁に変化してしまいます。
これが八重咲きの花の構造です。
八重咲きの花は、雄しべや雌しべがないか不完全なため、種子や果実を作ることができない場合が多いです。
また、八重咲きにはさまざまなタイプがあります。
花びらが大きく膨らんだものを牡丹咲き、花びらが細くてあまり膨らまないものを菊咲きと呼びます。
また、萼片も花びら化したものや、雌しべだけが残っているものもあります。
キク科の花は、一つの花ではなく、小さな花が集まった集合花です。
外側に舌状花、内側に管状花があります。
キク科の八重咲きは、管状花があるべきところにも舌状花がつくようになったものです。
以上が八重咲きと一重咲きの遺伝子的な違いとそのメカニズムについての解説です。
八重咲きで有名な植物
八重咲きで有名な植物は、以下のようなものがあります。
桜:
日本の代表的な花で、春に美しい花を咲かせます。
八重咲きの桜は八重桜と呼ばれ、花びらが5枚以上重なっています。
代表的な品種には、ヤエベニシダレやヤエシロなどがあります。
バラ:
切り花や鉢植えとして人気の高い花で、色や形が豊富です。
八重咲きのバラは花びらが多く重なっており、ロゼット咲きと呼ばれるものもあります。
代表的な品種には、ピースやジュリアなどがあります。
ユリ:
切り花や鉢植えとして人気の高い花で、白やピンクなどの色があります。
八重咲きのユリは花びらが多く重なっており、中心部まで花びらになっています。
代表的な品種には、イザベラやマイウエディングなどがあります。
ベゴニア:
花壇や鉢植えとして人気の高い花で、赤や白などの色があります。
八重咲きのベゴニアは花びらが多く重なっており、バラに似た形をしています。
代表的な品種には、ダブレッドやホワイトなどがあります。
ツバキ:
冬から春にかけて美しい花を咲かせる常緑樹で、赤や白などの色があります。
八重咲きのツバキは花びらが多く重なっており、牡丹咲きと呼ばれるものもあります。
代表的な品種には、玉雪や翁咲きなどがあります。
シャクヤク:
春に美しい花を咲かせる多年草で、赤や白などの色があります。
八重咲きのシャクヤクは花びらが多く重なっており、牡丹咲きと呼ばれるものもあります。
代表的な品種には、紅富士や白富士などがあります。
ガーベラ:
切り花として人気の高いキク科の花で、赤やピンクなどの色があります。
八重咲きのガーベラは舌状花が多く重なっており、菊咲きと呼ばれるものもあります。
代表的な品種には、レッドチャームやピンクチャームなどがあります。
以上が八重咲きで有名な植物です。
一重咲きで有名な植物
一重咲きで有名な植物は、以下のようなものがあります。
桜:
日本の代表的な花で、春に美しい花を咲かせます。
一重咲きの桜はソメイヨシノやエドヒガンなどが有名です。
花びらは5枚で、白や淡いピンク色が多いです。
ツバキ:
冬から春にかけて美しい花を咲かせる常緑樹で、赤や白などの色があります。
一重咲きのツバキはシロツバキやベニツバキなどが有名です。
花びらは5 – 8枚で、中心に雄しべと雌しべが見えます。
ナデシコ:
春から秋にかけて美しい花を咲かせる多年草で、赤やピンクなどの色があります。
一重咲きのナデシコはハマナデシコやカスミソウなどが有名です。
花びらは5枚で、縁に切れ込みがあります。
ハナミズキ:
春に美しい花を咲かせる落葉広葉樹で、白やピンクなどの色があります。
一重咲きのハナミズキはアメリカハナミズキやオオバナハナミズキなどが有名です。
花びらは4枚で、実は萼片であると言われています。
サクラソウ:
春に美しい花を咲かせる多年草で、赤や紫などの色があります。
一重咲きのサクラソウはエゾサクラソウやオオサクラソウなどが有名です。
花びらは5枚で、下唇弁が大きくて浅く3裂します 。
ユリ:
夏に美しい花を咲かせる多年草で、白や黄色などの色があります。
一重咲きのユリはカサブランカやアジアンタイプなどが有名です。
花びらは6枚で、中心に雄しべと雌しべが見えます 。
デルフィニウム:
夏に美しい花を咲かせる多年草で、青や紫などの色があります。
一重咲きのデルフィニウムはシネンセ系と呼ばれるもので、草姿が華奢です。
花びらは5枚で、上唇弁に距（きょく）と呼ばれる突起があります 。
以上が一重咲きで有名な植物です。
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「八重咲きと一重咲きの違い。花の種類？遺伝子が違う？」についてのまとめ
八重咲きの植物は人が豪華で綺麗なものが多いですが、人の手によって作られた種類も多いため、
種子により子孫を残せないなどのデメリットもあります。
遺伝的な説明ではABCモデルが出てきましたね。
また、一重の花が咲く植物を育てていても、突然変異で八重になったりすることもあるそうです。
一重咲き・八重咲きの違いを頭に入れ、植物を色んな方向から楽しみたいですね。
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