急性カフェイン中毒とは?診断基準や症状を詳しく解説

「急性カフェイン中毒」。
普段、コーヒーやエナジードリンクをよく飲む人にとって気になる言葉ですよね。

どのくらいの量をどのくらいの頻度摂取すると急性カフェイン中毒になってしまうのでしょうか?
コーヒーならどうでしょう?エナジードリンクなら?
急性カフェイン中毒の初期症状とはどんなもの?

今日はそんな疑問について詳しく見ていきます。

急性カフェイン中毒の診断基準や症状についても見ていきますので、
普段からカフェインで目を覚ますことが常になっている人は是非参考にしてみてください。

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「急性カフェイン中毒」ってなに?

急性カフェイン中毒とは、カフェインを短時間に大量に摂取したことによって引き起こされる重篤な中毒状態です。
カフェインはコーヒーや紅茶、エナジードリンクなどに含まれるアルカロイドという化合物で、中枢神経系や心臓に刺激作用を持ちます。
カフェインの過剰摂取は、以下のような症状を引き起こす可能性があります。

 

急性カフェイン中毒の主な症状

・不安、動揺、興奮
・焦燥感、イライラ
・頭痛、めまい
・不眠、不安夢
・震え、けいれん
・動悸、不整脈
・胸痛、高血圧
・吐き気、嘔吐
・腹痛、下痢

 

急性カフェイン中毒は命に関わることもあります。
日本中毒学会の報告によると、2011年から2016年の間に日本で3人がカフェイン中毒で亡くなったいう事例があります。
死亡例の多くは、カフェイン錠剤やエナジードリンクを大量に摂取した場合です。

急性カフェイン中毒の診断は、主に症状や摂取量などの問診によって行われます。
血液検査や心電図などの検査も行われる場合があります。
治療は対症療法が主で、胃洗浄や吐剤などでカフェインを排出させたり、鎮静剤や抗不整脈薬などで症状を抑えたりします。

急性カフェイン中毒を予防するためには、カフェインを含む飲食物の摂取量を適度にコントロールすることが重要です。
一般的には、体重1kgあたり50mg以上のカフェインを摂取すると急性中毒の危険性が高まります。

これは体重60kgの人であれば3000mg(ドリップコーヒー約22杯分)に相当します。
しかし個人差や耐性の有無によっても影響されるため、自分の体調や反応に注意しながら摂取することが必要です。

急性カフェイン中毒は非常に危険な状態です。
もし自分や周りの人が急性カフェイン中毒の症状を示した場合は、すぐに救急車を呼んで医師の診察を受けてください。

 

「慢性カフェイン中毒」と「急性カフェイン中毒」の違い

カフェイン中毒とは、カフェインを過剰に摂取したことによって引き起こされる一連の症状のことです。カフェイン中毒には、急性中毒と慢性中毒の2種類があります12。
急性カフェイン中毒とは、カフェインを短時間に大量に摂取したことで起こる重篤な中毒状態です。カフェインは主にコーヒーや紅茶、エナジードリンクなどに含まれる化合物で、中枢神経系や心臓に刺激作用を持ちます。

慢性カフェイン中毒とは、長期間にわたってカフェインを摂り続けたことで起こる依存症です。

 

「慢性カフェイン中毒」とは

慢性カフェイン中毒とは、長期間にわたってカフェインを摂り続けたことで起こる依存症です。
慢性カフェイン中毒では、以下のような症状が現れます。

・頭痛
・睡眠障害
・焦燥感
・不安
・イライラ
・興奮

 

「離脱症状」の離脱症状について

慢性カフェイン中毒では、カフェインを摂取しないと離脱症状が出ることがあります。
離脱症状には以下のようなものがあります。

・頭痛
・疲労感
・眠気
・集中力低下
・抑うつ気分

慢性カフェイン中毒の診断は、主に摂取量や離脱症状などの問診によって行われます。
治療はカフェインの摂取量を徐々に減らしていく減量法が主で、カフェインの代わりにデカフェやノンカフェインの飲み物を摂るなどの工夫が必要です。

以上が、カフェイン中毒と急性カフェイン中毒の違いについての説明です。
カフェインは適度に摂取すると覚醒やリラックスなどの効果がありますが、過剰に摂取すると中毒になる危険性があります。
自分の体調や反応に注意しながら、カフェインを含む飲み物の摂取量をコントロールすることが重要です。

 

急性カフェイン中毒の診断基準は?

急性カフェイン中毒とは、カフェインを短時間に大量に摂取したことで起こる重篤な中毒状態です。
カフェインはコーヒーや紅茶、エナジードリンクなどに含まれる化合物で、中枢神経系や心臓に刺激作用を持ちます。
カフェインの過剰摂取は、不安や動揺、頭痛やめまい、不眠や震えなどの症状を引き起こす可能性があります。

急性カフェイン中毒の診断基準は、アメリカ精神医学会が定めた精神障害の診断と統計マニュアル(DSM)によって決められています。
DSM-5では、以下の3つの条件を満たす場合に急性カフェイン中毒と診断されます。

 

急性カフェイン中毒の診断基準

A. カフェインを摂取したことが明らかである。

B. 以下の症状のうち5つ以上が現れている。
(1) 不安や興奮
(2) 焦燥感やイライラ
(3) 頻脈や不整脈
(4) 胸痛
(5) 頭痛
(6) めまい
(7) 不眠
(8) 震え
(9) 嘔吐や下痢

C. 症状が著しい苦痛や社会的・職業的な機能の障害を引き起こしている。

 

一般的には、体重1kgあたり50mg以上のカフェインを摂取すると急性中毒の危険性が高まります。
これは体重60kgの人であれば3000mg(ドリップコーヒー約22杯分)に相当します。
しかし個人差や耐性の有無によっても影響されるため、自分の体調や反応に注意しながら摂取することが必要です。

以上が、急性カフェイン中毒の診断基準についての説明です。
カフェインは適度に摂取すると覚醒やリラックスなどの効果がありますが、過剰に摂取すると中毒になる危険性があります。
自分の体調や反応に注意しながら、カフェインを含む飲み物の摂取量をコントロールすることが重要です。

 

急性カフェイン中毒にならないための摂取量の目安

急性カフェイン中毒にならないための摂取量の目安について詳しく見ていきます。

 

1時間のカフェイン摂取量の目安

急性カフェイン中毒にならないための1時間のカフェイン摂取量の目安は、体重1kgあたり25mg以下とされています。
これは体重60kgの人であれば1500mg(ドリップコーヒー約11杯分)に相当します。
しかし、個人差や耐性の有無によっても影響されるため、自分の体調や反応に注意しながら摂取することが必要です。

また、カフェインの効果は摂取後30分~1時間程度で現れ、3~4時間程度まで続きます。
そのため、カフェインを摂取する時間帯も考慮することが重要です。

夜間や睡眠前にカフェインを摂取すると、不眠や睡眠の質の低下を招く可能性があります。
カフェインは適度に摂取すると覚醒やリラックスなどの効果がありますが、過剰に摂取すると中毒になる危険性があります。
自分の体調や反応に注意しながら、カフェインを含む飲み物の摂取量をコントロールすることが重要です。

 

1日のカフェイン摂取量の目安

カフェインは適度に摂取すると覚醒やリラックスなどの効果がありますが、
過剰に摂取すると中毒になる危険性があります。急性カフェイン中毒にならないための1日のカフェイン摂取量の目安は、
健康的な成人であればコーヒー3~5杯程度(約400mg)です。

エナジードリンクなどのカフェイン入り飲料に換算した場合、およそ8缶程度です。
この程度の量であれば、カフェインを原因として健康上の問題を引き起こすことはありません。

ただし1日の摂取目安量の範囲内でも、カフェインは短時間に多量摂取することで中毒症状を引き起こすことがあります。
そのため、1回に2杯以上のコーヒーを立て続けに飲むのは避けて、3~4時間程度の間を置くことが推奨されます。
できれば5時間ほど空けるようにしましょう。

また、カフェイン入り飲料の多くは糖分なども多く含んでいる場合が多く、カフェイン摂取量に問題はなくとも、
その他の栄養素の摂り過ぎにも注意が必要です。

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「急性カフェイン中毒とは?診断基準や症状」についてのまとめ

急性カフェイン中毒とは、短時間に大量のカフェインを摂取した時の症状で、不安感・動悸、吐き気や腹痛、
ひどい時には不眠やけいれんといった症状が出てしまうものです。

コーヒーであれば1時間で10杯以上飲まなければならないのですが、強いカフェインの入ったエナジードリンク、
カフェインの錠剤などを使用する際は注意しなければなりません。
目安は体重60kgの人であれば1500mgのカフェイン摂取量だと急性カフェイン中毒になる危険性があります。

仕事の場面でもプライベートの場面でも、眠いけど目を覚まさなければいけない場面は多くありますが、眠気・睡眠と上手く付き合い、
場合によってはカフェインの力を借りてその眠気と上手く付き合っていきたいですね。

エナジードリンクについては以下の記事で詳しく解説していますので、是非見てみてください。

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