「寝る」と「眠る」の違いって分かりますか?
両方とも普段何気なく目にしている漢字だし、意味も同じような意味を持っています。
ただ、この「寝る」と「眠る」には大きな違いがあります。
このブログを立ち上げたときも最初はタイトルに「寝る」を使っていたのですが、
後から「眠る」に変更しています。
では、「寝る」と「眠る」の違いとはなんなのでしょうか。
今日はその似ている2つの単語の違いについて詳しく見ていきます。
既に知っているあなたはすごいです!
寝る と 眠る の違いは?
「寝る」と「眠る」は、どちらも「目を閉じて一時的に意識的な活動がない状態」のことで、「睡眠」の意味で用いられます。
しかし、「寝る」は体の姿勢がどうなっているかが重要であり、「眠る」は意識がどうなっているかが重要なのです。
「寝る」は身体を横たえることを指し、「眠る」は目を閉じた状態で無意識の状態になることを指します。
「寝る」も「睡眠」を表す言葉であるが、「眠る」の方が本当に意識がなくなることを表します。
例えば、「立ったまま寝てしまった」というのは間違いで、「立ったまま眠ってしまった」というのが正しいです。
また、「亡くなることを『眠る』とは言っても『寝る』とは言わないように、『眠る』の重点は、目をつぶること、
目を閉じて無意識の状態になること、活動が停止した状態にあるというところで、対義語は『覚める』である」というように、
使い分けやニュアンスに注意する必要があります。
寝る と 眠る は同じ意味なの?
「寝る」と「眠る」の違いは、本来は体を横たえることが「寝る」、睡眠状態にあることが「眠る」であったが、
眠るためには体を横たえるわけであり、体を横にして休ませていれば眠ってしまうという関係にあったため、
寝るも「睡眠」を表すようになったという歴史的な経緯があります。
「寝る」と「眠る」の違いは、対義語や類義語と合わせて考えるとわかりやすくなります。
例えば、「起きていられないから早く寝よう」という場合は、「起きていられないから早く眠ろう」と言わないように、
「寝る」と「起きる」は体の姿勢や行動を表す言葉です。
一方、「夜中に目が覚めてしまって眠れなかった」という場合は、「夜中に目が覚めてしまって寝れなかった」と言わないように、
「眠る」と「覚める」は意識や感覚を表す言葉です。
また、「昼間もぐっすり寝てしまった」という場合は、「昼間もぐっすり眠ってしまった」と言っても同じように通じますが、
「ぐっすり」という副詞は「深く」「しっかり」という意味で、「睡眠」の程度や質を表します。
このように、「寝る」と「眠る」は同じような意味でも使われますが、それぞれ異なったニュアンスや感情を伴います。
「寝る」ってどういう意味?
「寝る」とは、眠りにつくことや、体を横たえることを意味する動詞です。
例えば、「ぐっすり寝た」「寝る間も惜しんで働く」「病気で寝ている」「寝ながら本を読む」などのように使われます。
「寝る」は「起きる」の対義語です。
「寝る」は「睡眠」という意味でも使われますが、本来は体を横たえることが「寝る」、睡眠状態にあることが「眠る」でした。
しかし、眠るためには体を横たえるわけであり、体を横にして休ませていれば眠ってしまうという関係にあったため、
寝るも「睡眠」を表すようになりました。
「睡眠」とは、脳にある「覚醒」とは別のオペレーションモードで、さらにレム睡眠とノンレム睡眠に分かれ、
脳はこのつのモードを切り替えて使っていると言われています。
睡眠は「メンテナンスモード」で、身体や精神の回復や成長に必要な働きをしています。
「寝る」の語源は?
「寝る」の語源については、諸説ありますが、一つの説では、会意兼形声文字で、
「屋根・家屋」の象形と「部屋でねる」を意味する「寝」という音符と「侵」の省略形から成り立っていると言われています。
つまり、「家の中で侵入者に気づかれないように横になる」という意味が元になっていると考えられます。
別の説では、「寝る」は「伸びる」という意味の「伸」から派生した言葉で、
「体を伸ばして横になる」という意味が原義だったと言われています。
また、「寝る」と「眠る」は同じ意味で使われますが、
「眠る」は「目を閉じて無意識になる」という意味の「閉」から派生した言葉で、
「目を閉じて横になる」という意味が原義だったと考えられます。
また、「寝る」という字は、簡略化された「寝」という字と、より古い形の「寢」という字があります。
「寢」は人名用漢字として使われますが、常用漢字ではありません。
「寝」は中学生で習う常用漢字です。
「眠る」ってどういう意味?
「眠る」とは、「心身の動きが一時的に低下し、目を閉じて無意識の状態になる」ということを意味する動詞です。
例えば、「すやすや眠る」「眠りにつく」「深い眠りから覚める」などのように使われます。
「眠る」は「覚める」の対義語です。
「眠る」と「寝る」は同じ意味で使われますが、「眠る」は体が眠った状態にあることに重点があり、
必ずしも横になることを意味しません。
例えば、「居眠りする」「立ったまま眠ってしまう」などのように使われます。
「寝る」は「起きる」の対義語です。
「眠る」という字は、簡略化された「眠」という字と、より古い形の「睡」という字があります。
「睡」は常用漢字ではありませんが、人名用漢字として使われます。
「眠」は小学校で習う常用漢字です。
「眠る」の語源は?
「眠る」の語源については、諸説ありますが、一つの説では、ラテン語の「dormire」(眠る)に由来すると言われています。
この語は英語の「dormant」(休止状態)や「dormitory」(寮)などにも関係しています。
別の説では、「眠る」は「目どろむ」という言葉から変化したと言われています。
「目どろむ」とは、「目がぼやけて見えない」という意味で、「目」は目を、「どろむ」は濁る・ぼやけるという意味の動詞です。
つまり、「目がぼやけて眠気がさす」という意味が元になっていると考えられます。
寝る と 眠る の反対語はなに?
「寝る」と「眠る」の反対語はそれぞれ「起きる」と「覚める」です。
詳しく説明します。
「寝る」とは、「横になって眠る」という意味の動詞です。
例えば、「さあ、寝るか」「もう寝る時間ですよ」などのように使われます。
この場合の反対語は「起きる」で、「横になっていた状態から起き上がる」という意味になります。
例えば、「早く起きなさい」「もう起きたの?」などのように使われます。
「眠る」とは、「心身の動きが一時的に低下し、目を閉じて無意識の状態になる」という意味の動詞です。
例えば、「すやすや眠る」「眠りにつく」「深い眠りから覚める」などのように使われます。
この場合の反対語は「覚める」で、「無意識の状態から意識が回復する」という意味になります。
例えば、「夢から覚めた」「まだ覚めていられるか?」などのように使われます。
寝る と 眠る はどっちの方が多く使われているの?
「寝る」と「眠る」はどちらも「睡眠」を表す言葉ですが、使用頻度は「寝る」のほうが高いようです。
筑波ウェブコーパスという日本語のテキストデータベースで検索すると、
「寝る」は69,429回、「眠る」は24,594回出現しました。
また、「寝る」と「眠る」は一緒に使われる言葉にも違いがあります。
「寝る」は「仰向けに寝る」「ベッドに寝る」「女と寝る」などのように、
横たわる姿勢や場所、行為などを表す言葉と共起することが多いです。
「眠る」は「倉庫に眠る」「霊園に眠る」「安らかに眠る」などのように、
永眠や利用されない状態を表す言葉と共起することが多いです。
「寝る」を使った例文
・今日は疲れたから早く寝る。
・昨日は寝る前に本を読んだ。
・彼はいつも仰向けに寝る。
・彼女は彼と寝たことを後悔している。
・風邪を引いたら、よく寝るのが一番だ。
・このベッドはとても快適に寝ることができる。
・彼は毎日8時間寝るようにしている。
・今夜は月が明るくて寝るのが難しい。
・子供たちはもう寝たの?
・寝る子は育つと言います。
「眠る」を使った例文
・彼はすやすやと眠っている。
・父は去年永眠した。
・この本はずっと本棚に眠っていた。
・彼女は眠りにつくのに時間がかかる。
・この地下には財宝が眠っているという伝説がある。
・彼は深い眠りから覚めた。
・この薬は眠りを誘う効果がある。
・彼は夢の中で彼女と再会した。
・この国には王家の眠る古墳がある。
・草木も眠る丑三つ時に彼は出発した。
「「寝る」と「眠る」の違いは?」についてのまとめ
今回は、「寝る」と「眠る」の違いについて詳しく見ていきました。
基本的には「寝る」は体を横たえることを指し、「眠る」は意識が低下して眠りに落ちることを言います。
冒頭の話に戻りますが、このブログテーマである「質の良い睡眠」が目指すのは「眠る」の方です。
なのでタイトルも「寝る」から「眠る」に変更しました。
おいしく食べて、たのしく遊んで、ぐっすり眠り、活力のあふれる日常を送りたいですね。
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