蝋梅（ロウバイ）という植物は、実は「梅」じゃないことはご存じでしょうか？
蝋梅は名前に「梅」と付き、時期も梅が咲く季節に花をつける植物で、
花に鼻を近づけると独特な良い香りがします。
「四季の四大香木」の中に入っており、
・春の沈丁花(ジンチョウゲ)
・夏の梔子(クチナシ)
・秋の金木犀(キンモクセイ)
・冬の蝋梅(ロウバイ)
と言われるほどロウバイは人気のある花でもあります。
今日はそんな蝋梅（ロウバイ）について、どんな植物なのか、どんな実ができるのか、
蝋梅（ロウバイ）の種類と香りについて掘り下げてみていきます。
「蝋梅（ロウバイ）について今ある知識よりももっと詳しく知りたい」という人は是非参考にしてみてください。
「蝋梅（ロウバイ）」は「梅」じゃないって本当？
蝋梅（ロウバイ）は梅と名前が似ていますが、まったく違う植物です。
蝋梅はロウバイ科ロウバイ属の落葉低木で、中国原産です。
梅はバラ科サクラ属の落葉低木で、中国や日本などの東アジアが原産です。
蝋梅は花の質感が蝋でコーティングしたようだから「蝋梅」という名前が付けられたと言われています。
また別説では、花の咲く時期が臘月（ろうげつ）と呼ばれる太陰暦12月の頃だから、
臘月の臘の字と梅を併せて「臘梅」と呼ばれるようになったとも言われています。
蝋梅は1月～2月に淡いクリーム色の香りの良い花を咲かせます。
梅は2月～3月に白色・淡黄色・淡いピンク～濃い紅などの香りのある花を咲かせます。
蝋梅と梅の花は形が似ていますが、色や香りは違います。
蝋梅にはいくつかの品種がありますが、代表的なものは以下の通りです。
・ロウバイ：花の内側の中心部が赤紫色で、外側の花弁は黄色で細長い。
・ソシンロウバイ：花全体が黄色で、香りが良く強め。
・マンゲツロウバイ：花全体の黄色が強く濃く、花びらに丸みがあり大きめ。
「蝋梅（ロウバイ）」とはどんな植物？
蝋梅はロウバイ科ロウバイ属の落葉低木です。
ロウバイ科はクスノキ目に属する科で、約10属約130種の植物が含まれます。
ロウバイ属はその中の一つで、約6種の植物が含まれます。
蝋梅はその中の一種で、学名はChimonanthuspraecoxです。
蝋梅は中国原産で、江戸時代初期に日本に渡来しました。
蝋梅は花の質感が蝋でコーティングしたようだから「蝋梅」という名前が付けられたと言われています。
また別説では、花の咲く時期が臘月（ろうげつ）と呼ばれる太陰暦12月の頃だから、
臘月の臘の字と梅を併せて「臘梅」と呼ばれるようになったとも言われています。
蝋梅は梅と名前が似ていますが、まったく違う植物です。
梅はバラ科サクラ属の落葉低木で、中国や日本などの東アジアが原産です。
蝋梅と梅は見た目や香りが似ていますが、分類や形態や開花時期などに違いがあります。
どんな香りがするの？
蝋梅の香りは、甘くて優しい香りです。
例えるならば、カスタードクリームやバニラのような香りと言えるでしょう。
また、蝋梅の花は半透明で蝋のような質感があります。
例えるならば、レモンキャンディやハチミツのような質感と言えるでしょう。
蝋梅の香りと質感は、冬の寒さに負けない明るさと温かさを感じさせてくれます。
例えるならば、暖炉の火やぬくもりのある毛布のようなものと言えるでしょう。
どんな実ができる？
蝋梅（ロウバイ）は、9月ごろに緑色の実をつけますが、その後は茶褐色に変色します。
実の中にある種子には、カリカンチンという強い毒性を持つアルカロイドが含まれています。
誤って摂取すると最悪の場合に至る可能性もあります。
蝋梅の実は、花托（かたく）という花の基部が生長してできた実なので、偽果と呼ばれます。
偽果の中には、真の果実である痩果（そうか）が詰まっています。
痩果は一見すると種子に見えますが、実は種子を包んだ果皮です。
蝋梅（ロウバイ）の種類について
ここでは、6種類の蝋梅（ロウバイ）について見ていきます。
福寿蝋梅（フクジュロウバイ）：
花被片に幅がありふっくらとした丸みを帯びています。
花色もはっきりとした明るい黄色で、より華やかな印象です。
満月蝋梅（マンゲツロウバイ）：
ソシンロウバイの変種とされ、内側の花被片がうすく赤紫色に色づきます。
ソシンロウバイよりも色が少し濃く、花も一回り大きいです。
素心蝋梅（ソシンロウバイ）：
基本種の「ロウバイ」と異なり花全体が黄色です。
「素心」とは花弁から芯まで同じ色の花であることを意味します。
実生蝋梅（ミショウロウバイ）：
種をまいて育てる繁殖法で育てられた蝋梅です。
花の色や形は基本種の「ロウバイ」に似ていますが、個体差があります。
和蝋梅（ワロウバイ）：
基本種の「ロウバイ」の別名です。
花の中心部が暗紫色で外側が黄色です。
落ち着いた雰囲気があります。
黒花蝋梅（クロバナロウバイ）：
別属のクロバナロウバイ属に属する蝋梅です。
花全体が暗紫色で、香りは強く甘いです。
都内で蝋梅（ロウバイ）が見られる公園
都内で蝋梅（ロウバイ）が見られる公園を5つ紹介いたします。
梅里中央公園（杉並区）：
約50本のソシンロウバイが植えられている穴場スポットです。
甘い香りと黄色い花が園内を彩ります。
神代植物公園（調布市）：
約60本のロウバイが園内各所にありますが、特に多いのは深大寺門近くの「うめ園」です。
梅や山茶花、椿も同時に楽しめます。
国営昭和記念公園（立川市・昭島市）：
約100本のロウバイがありますが、砂川口近くのこもれびの池周辺に集中しています。
梅や水仙、雪つりも見られます。
府中市郷土の森博物館（府中市）：
約130本のロウバイが駐車場近くのロウバイの小径にあります。
梅園も近くにあります。
忠生公園自然観察センター（町田市）：
約80本のロウバイが公園内の蝋梅苑にあります。
ソシンロウバイやマンゲツロウバイなどが見られます。
「蝋梅は梅じゃない？どんな実ができる？」についてのまとめ
蝋梅（ロウバイ）はロウバイ科ロウバイ属の落葉低木であり、その一方
梅（ウメ）はバラ科サクラ属の落葉高木であり、全く違う植物です。
蝋梅（ロウバイ）は咲く時期こそ一緒ですが、
その実にはカリカンチンという強い毒性を持つアルカロイドが含まれています。
花は甘くて優しい香りがして、黄色くて半透明な見た目をしています。
寒い時期に散歩に行った際はその厳かな見た目の「蝋梅（ロウバイ）」を探してみてはいかがでしょうか。
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